The plant-like C2 glycolate cycle and the bacterial-like glycerate pathway cooperate in phosphoglycolate metabolism in cyanobacteria. glc locus of Escherichia coli: characterization of genes encoding the subunits of glycolate oxidase and the glc regulator protein. Glycolate oxidoreductase in Escherichia coli. Photorespiration protects C3 plants from photooxidation. Genetic modification of photorespiration. The analysis of photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation and photorespiration by mutant selection. Improving plant production by selection for survival at low CO2 concentrations. The enzymic reduction of glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate in leaves of higher plants. Glyoxylate inhibition of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase: Activation in intact, lysed and reconstituted chloroplasts. Photorespiration: metabolic pathways and their role in stress protection. Carbon dioxide and agricultural yield: an assemblage and analysis of 430 prior obeservations. Interactions between elevated CO2 concentration, nitrogen and water: Effects on growth and water use of six perennial plant species. The C2 oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle. The regulation and control of photorespiration. Regulation of soybean net photosynthetic CO2 fixation by the interaction of CO2, O2, and ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase. Genetic engineers aim to soup up crop photosynthesis. Diverting chloroplastic glycolate from photorespiration may improve the productivity of crops with C 3 photosynthesis. These effects are evident after overexpression of the three subunits of glycolate dehydrogenase, but enhanced by introducing the complete bacterial glycolate catabolic pathway.

Transgenic plants grew faster, produced more shoot and root biomass, and contained more soluble sugars, reflecting reduced photorespiration and enhanced photosynthesis that correlated with an increased chloroplastic CO 2 concentration in the vicinity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. This reduces, but does not eliminate, flux of photorespiratory metabolites through peroxisomes and mitochondria. Using step-wise nuclear transformation with five chloroplast-targeted bacterial genes encoding glycolate dehydrogenase, glyoxylate carboligase and tartronic semialdehyde reductase, we generated plants in which chloroplastic glycolate is converted directly to glycerate. We introduced the Escherichia coli glycolate catabolic pathway into Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts to reduce the loss of fixed carbon and nitrogen that occurs in C 3 plants when phosphoglycolate, an inevitable by-product of photosynthesis, is recycled by photorespiration.

Krishnaveni thiruveedhi